Diah Ripratiwi (0713042004)

NEGOTIATION MEANING

Negotiation of meaning appears to be an important element in facilitating learners to gain comprehensible input and to produce comprehensible output. Negotiation meaning occurs when two participants involved in oral interaction and found potential for the involved in oral interaction and found a potensial for the communication to breakdown.

Negotiation is one of a range of conversational processes that facilitate SLA as learners work to understand and express meaning in the L2. Learners expressed interest and encouragement while seeking and providing assistance and initiating self-repair of their own utterances, all in the absence of communication breakdowns.

Four components of negotiation of meaning are :

·         Trigger Which invokes or stimulates incomplete understanding on the part of the hearer.

·        Signal is incomplete understanding about information.

·        response is the original speaker’s attempt to clear up the unaccepted-input.

·        follow up is an element that signals either the hearer’s acceptance or continued difficulty with the speaker’s repair.

Conversation between Delia and Dion.

Delia and Dion are classmate in University of Lampung.

In this conversation is Information Gap about Dion’s hometown. Dellia want to know about Dion’s hometown by asking some questions, exactly about the location.

Delia    : Hi dion….   

Dion     : Hi Dellia…. 

Delia    : May I ask something about your hometown.          (T)

Dion    : No, never.    (R)

Delia    : oh,,,please. I want to know about your hometown.            (S{confirmation check)

Dion    : No,never. Ok.ok                  (R)

Delia    : Ok.Thank you. Where your hometown, actually.    (T)

Dion    : In 29 Banjarsari.       (R)

Delia    :  is to small. Lie…Lie. (FO)

Dion     : No it is true.             (S{modification of output})

Delia    : Are you sure?           (S{confirmation Check})

Dion    : Yes,,on Pattimura street.      (FO)

Delia    : Oooo thank you. (follow up) How long do you need to go to Unila from  your hometown, from 29 Banjarsari? It is beautiful city you know. (trigger)

Dion    : No bad village I think. (R)

Delia    : oh…so so so, how long do you need to go to unila?            (T)

Dion    : from my home?         (S)

Delia    : Yes    (FO)

Dion    : By public transportation or ….. ( R)

Delia    : By public transportation.     (S{Modification of output})

Dion    : If you use transportation about one hour (R)

Delia    : How about if you use, what is it, hmmm…..motorcycle?   (T)

Dion    : 45 minutes. (R)

Analysis

This conversation is consist of:

·         3T (trigger)

·         7R (response0

·         5S which is consist of 2 signals that are confirmation check and modification output.

Conversation between Riri and Dina

Riri and Dina are close friend. They are students of senior high school.

This conversation is Information Gap about activities and the Korean actress/actor.  

Riri      :  Hi….Dina good afternoon.

Dina    : Good afternoon.

Riri      : May I know about your activity in your holiday? (T)

Dina    : Sure,( R)  Can I tell you now? (S {confirmation check})

Riri      : yes… (R )

Dina    : hmmm…during my holiday I didn’t do many activities in my house.I just,usually I do likes watching Tv, DVD or playing,hmmmm browsing in internet. ( FO)

Riri      : May I know what kind of Tv program,,what did you search in internet? (T)

Dina    : Many kinds of Korean program likes drama or some variety shows,,, (R )

Riri      : oh…then…

Dina    : from internet I browsed information about celebrity in korea, boyband or girlband, actress, and actor. (R )

Riri      : Ok,,(FO) hmm….. May I know (laugh) about the title of Drama have you watched? (S of Misunderstanding)

Dina    : I have watched so many dramas. My first drama that I watched are winter sonata and my favouorite drama is the great Queen Seondok and then Playfull Kiss.  (R)

Riri      : Well,,,hmmm…Who is your favourite boyband or Girlband from Korea and Who is your favourite actress or actor from Korea? I think you crazy about Korea. ( S {confirmation check})

Dina    : Yes,I think so. I crazy about Korea. And for my favpurite boyband I love Super Junior so much. And for actor I like Kim Nam Gil,, and for actress I think I like Song Hye Gyo. (FO)

Riri      : Song Hye Gyo? (S {confirmation check})

Dina    : yes.(R)

Riri      : Why do you like Song Hye Gyo?(T)

Dina    : I think Song Hye Gyo is a beautiful woman and I’ve read in article Song Hye Gyo is one who is the most beautiful woman in the world. (R)

Riri      : Are you sure,,,she is a beautiful woman in the world? (R )

Dina    : Of course. She has tall body and then she also thin. And her skin is white and she is beautiful I think. (FO)

Riri      : (laugh) is she thin,,,I think No. (S {Confirmation Check} )

Dina    : for woman,she is ideal type I think. (R)

Riri      : I think it is different between thin and ideal you know. ( S {modification of output})

Dina    : She isn’t fat,,so I think she is think. (S{confirmation check})

Riri      : ok.ok. I think enough.Thank you Dina. (FO)          

Analysis

This conversation consist of :

• 3T (trigger)
• 9R (response)
• 7S (signal)  which has two signals, confirmation check and modification of output
• 5FO (follow up)

Conversation between Dion and Imam.

Dion and Imam are college students in University of Lampung. This Conversation is Information Gap. Dion has problem of misunderstanding about the machine. And Imam tried to explain about it (how to operate the machine).

Dion    : Hi Imam.

Imam   : Hi juga.

Dion    : How are you today?

Imam   : I’m fine.you?

Dion    : Fine too. I have little bit confused about my assignment about machine. Can you help me to do with this assignment? (T)

Imam   : About machine motorcycle? (R)

Dion    : Yes, I mean motorcycle machine. just explain how motorcycle machine can work and sparepart and then all of part about machine. (S{confirmation check})

Imam   : Ok.Machine that sebenernya itu adalah proses from rotary, so work and usually to product electrical and then action, gerak and macem-macem.for motorcycle sebenernya, gak jauh beda gitu. (FO)

Dion    : ok, can you explain how machine work from push up starter and start the engine. (T)

Imam   : the machine motorcycle, to work everyday,there is an accumulator.

Jadi intinya, accumulator tuk menggerakkan mesin. (T)

Dion    : Oh yes ok. (FO) How about the motorcycle, hmm diam terlalu lama.how about to start on the machine? (T)

Imam   : There is Cuk  to on contact and gas to play and then push starter berulang3 to 3 times or 4 times. Itu agar mesin panas. (T)

Dion    :Warming up. (S{modification of output})

Imam   : yes.Do you know perbedaan two trak and four trak. (T)

Dion    : yes,, for two tak is brem bem bem.and for four tak is tret tret tert . (FO)

Imam   : No, perbedaan that to comulasion chamber.for two shock there are two step for one hour. And four trak for one step one power.. (S{modification of output})

Dion    : Ooooo

Imam   : For accelerasi for truk more powerful and faster.but for truk lebih boros. (S{confirmation check})

Dion    : Thank you imam…Nice to meet you.(FO)

Analysis

This conversation consist of :

• 6T (trigger)
• 1R (response)
• 4S (signals) which consist of two signals, modification of output and confirmation check)
• 4FO (follow up)