NEGOTIATION OF MEANING (IKE EPRIDIANA 0713042008)

NEGOTIATION OF MEANING BETWEEN  STUDENTS WHO LIVE IN BOARDING HOUSE AND OTHER STUDENT IN DIFFERENT FACULTY.

By

Name  : IKE EPRIDIANA

SRN    : 0713042008

ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM

LANGUAGE AND ART DEPARTMENT

TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY

UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

2010

Table of Content

Cover .................................................................................................................... i

Table of Content .................................................................................................. ii

CHAPTER I  ........................................................................................................ 1

INTRODUCTION

The Nature of Negotiation of Meaning ............................................................... 1

Example ................................................................................................................. 1

Task that can be used in the process of Negotiation of Meaning ..................... 1

CHAPTER II ......................................................................................................... 2

ANALYSIS

Analysis Transcript of conversation & Coding

Transcript of conversation between Female-Female ........................................ 2

Transcript of conversation between Female-Male ............................................ 6

Transcript of conversation between Male-Male ................................................ 9

CHAPTER III ....................................................................................................... 11

DISCUSSION

CHAPTER IV ....................................................................................................... 16

CONCLUSION

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Negotiation of meaning:

Negotiation of meaning is a process that speakers go through to reach a clear understanding of each other.

Negotiation of meaning is defined as a series of exchanges conducted by addressors and addressees to help themselves understand and be understood by their interlocutors. In this case, when native speakers (NSs) and non native speaker(NNSs) are involved in an interaction, both interactants work together to solve any potential misunderstanding or non understanding that occurs, by checking each others’ comprehension, requesting clarification and confirmation and by repairing and adjusting speech (Pica, 1988).

Example:
Asking for clarification, rephrasing, and confirming what you think you have understood are all strategies for the negotiation of meaning.

Information gap activities such as jigsaw readings or listenings, group story building, spot the difference and communicative crosswords are examples of activities that give learners the opportunity to develop their communicative competence through negotiation of meaning as they share information.

CHAPTER II

ANALYSIS

2.1 Analysis of conversation & Coding

Transcript conversation between Female-Female:

G: Rini......                 (Signal)

R: yes,,,                         (Response)

G: eee...your room is very full                (Signal)

full of thing I mean.                  (Repetition of modification)

R: yes, of couse..                         (Response)

G: There are many doll here.                 (Signal)

R: he, he.                      (Response)

G: what kind of doll it is?                   (Signal)

R: this is ee.. what we call.             

In Indonesian we call is kepik but in Englih actually, I forget.               (Response)

G: kepik                   (Signal : confirmation check)

R: yes, kepik kepik               (Response : repeat one self)

G: hoo.. this is the bigest one I think.               (Signal)

R: yes, this is given by my friend                (Response)

G: owh,, your friend.                (Signal : confirmation chek) 

Your friend from senior high school or...              (Signal: clarification request)

R: yes, from my senior high school.                 (Response)

G: what about this                 (Trigger)

R: what?                (Signal: clarification request)

Owh,, briefcase                 (Response)

G: briefcase              (Trigger)

R: owh,, no..no..no..               (Response)

Guitar .              (Repetition of modification)

G: what do you...               (Trigger)

R: what?                (Signal: clarification request)

G: I mean do you buy by your self or....               (Signal: confirmation check)

R: No,, it’s my friend’s guitar               (Response)

G: owh..            (Response)

So, this is not yours?             (Signal: clarification request)

R: yes,,             (Response)

G: hmm,, yes.            (Follow –up)

R: I just borrow it for practice because I want to eee.. play I want to be able to play guitar so, I borrow my friend’s guitar.             (Signal)

G: ee.. can you teach me?               (Signal: clarification request)

R: no...               (Response)

Actually I can’t do it.             (Response)

G: owh,, ya..ya..ya.                (Follow –up)

By the way do you live alone in this room?              (Signal: clarification request)

R: no,, I stay here with my young sister              (Response)

G: owh,, your young sister.                (Response: Repeat one self)

R: yes,,                 (Response)

G: where is she?               (Signal: clarification Request) 

R: she is in school               (Response).

G: in school            (Response: repeat one self)

R: yes.                (Response)

G: where does she’s school?              (Signal: Clarification Request)

R: she’s school at Alkautsar              (Response)

G: owh,, Alkautsar              (Response: Repeat one self)

R: next to GSG                 (Signal)

G: owh, ya..ya..             (Follow –up)

ee... tomorrow is Sunday                (Signal)

R: yes.              (Response)

G: ee.. what’s your plan?                (Signal: clarification request)

R: hmm... I plan to go to the beach.              (Response)

Would you like to go with us?              (Signal: clarification request)

G: owh, ya..ya..             (Response)

Hmm..I have paid to join to mutun right?               (Signal: confirmation check)

Yes, mutun. Mutun beach

R: hmm.. I don’t think so.               (Response)

Yesterday our friend told that we will go to klara beach.

G: Klara.              (Response: Repeat one self)

Kelapa rapet              (Signal)

R: yes,, we will not go to mutun because the cost is too expensive.            (Response)

G: hmm,, klara..                (Signal)

R: klara                (Response: repeat one self)

Have you ever go to there?               (Signal: clarification request)

G: yes, I have ever go there              (Response)

R: so, how do you think about klara?               (Signal: clarification request)

G: klara is not beautiful as mutun I think.              (Response)

R: owh,,             (Response)

G: its too far than go to mutun I think             (Signal)

Yes, klara is there are so many ee.. coconut trees there because kelapa.. rapet..

R:owh.. why we call that klara because there are so many coconut trees.            (Response)

G: have you ever go to klara?              (Signal: clarification request)

R: not yet.               (Response)

G: klara.. klara..                 (Signal)

I think klara is near our friend’s home.

R: who?             (Signal: clarification request)

G: Dian Irawan             (Response)

R: owh,, Dian Irawan near from..           (Response)

G: yes.            (Response)

R: near from klara.

What’s the name of his village?              (Signal: clarification request)

G: I forget the name of his Village.            (Response)

I think,, ee.. do you know padang cermin?             (Signal: clarification request)

R: owh yes, padang cermin                (Response)

G: yes. I don’t know padang cermin is ee... city or..             (Response)

R: yeah..               (Response)

Have you prepare all thing that will you bring to the beach?  Such as sun block or lotion.                (Signal)

G: ee... I haven’t prepare them.               (Response)

R: hmm.. so do I, I haven’t prepare everything but I have many plan in my mind such as what kind of shirt that I will use or ee... snack.              (Response)

Have you buy snack?                (Signal: clarification request)

G: I haven’t buy snack.             (Response)

ee... do you will                 (Signal)

ee.. will you swim?             (Signal: clarification request)

R: I want to swim but I can’t do it.             (Response)

G: why?              (Signal: clarification request)

R: I will affraid I see a large sea a large of..             (Response)

G: water.          

Owh, you have trauma?            (Signal: clarification request)

R: yes, such kind of trauma I think.               (Response)

So, may be I just to view the..

G: around.           (Response)

R: so fantastic hmm...            (Response)

How about you?               (Signal: clarification request)

G: owh, yeah I think I will               (Response)

R: go swim.             (Signal)

G: yeah..               (Response)

ee.. Do all of our friend follow to the beach?              (Signal: clarification request)

R: ee.. I think not all of our friend go to the beach. May be such of our friend have any job or date so they can’t go with us.             (Signal)

G: do you know who will not come. Who will not join with us?           (Signal: clarification request)

R: may be I know. Owh,, endah.             (Response)

G: endah              (Response: repeat one self)

R: yes, I see she doesn’t follow us.

G: and then?                 (Signal: clarification request)

R: I don’t know another one                 (Response)

G: may be they have ee.. another schedule I think.              (Signal)

R: yes.               (Response)

ee... do you so hungry ganis?             (Signal: clarification request)

G: ee.. yeah I so very very hungry and thirsty               (Response)

R: what do you want to eat?              (Signal: clarification request)

G: ee.. meatball may be.              (Response)

ee.. would you..

 will you accompany me to buy it?            (Signal: clarification request)

R: yes..               (Response)

Hmm.. I will buy burger               (Signal)

G: burger              (Response: Repeat one self)

Do you like burger?            (Signal: clarification request)

R: yes I like it             (Response)

G: okay.            (Follow –up)             

R: let’s go..              (Response)

Transcript conversation between Male – Female:

A: What’s your name please?               (Signal: clarification request)

I: ee.. my name is Imam Rois               (Response)

A: Imam Rois                (Response: repeat one self)

I: iya, yes                 (Response)

A: Where are you come from?               (Signal: clarification request)

I: I am from pringsewu              (Response)

A: Pringsewu               (Response: repeat one self)

I: yes.             (Response)

A: owh,, from Pringsewu, and then what faculty you in Unila?             (Signal: clarification request)

I: in Unila, In Unila I study in faculty tehnik.              (Response)

A: Tehnik, hmm... do you mean enginering?           (Signal: input modification)

I: ya.. enginering, mechanical enginering              (Response: output modification)

A: owh, mechanical enginering            (Response: repeat one self)

I: yes.               (Response)

A: have you follow ee... training program?           (Signal: clarification request)

I: yes, training program.           (Response: repeat one self)

I training program in Krakatau Steel in Cilegon             (Signal)

A: in Cilegon              (Response: repeat one self)

I: yes.             (Response)

A: can you explain about Krakatau Steel?             (Signal: clarification request)

I: Ok.              (Follow-up)

A: I don’t know about it.               (Signal)

I: yeah.              (Response)

Krakatau Steel is about company of Indonesia ee.. to ee... to make ee..            (Trigger)

A: to make what?            (Signal: clarification request)

I:ee.. product Iron               (Response)

A: yes, iron product.              (Response: repeat one self)

I: Iron from pelet, pelet that is a bijih besi in Indonesia language to ee.. wire, wire ee..    (Signal)

A: wire production             (Signal)

I: product product outputnya, hooh wire.            (Response)

A: wire.            (Response: repeat one self)

I: wire terus apa flat.              (Trigger)

A: What is flat?             (Signal: clarification request)

I: is that ee.. apa, iron.              (Trigger)

A: iron, yes iron.              (Response: Repeat one self)

I: ee.. like ee.. matrass              (Signal)

A: matrass               (Response: repeat one self)

I: yes, hooh.               (Follow-up)

To process ee.. selanjutnya, yes ee.. iron untuk proses selanjutnya gitu hooh.            (Trigger)

A: to make what?            (Trigger)

What do you mean?             (Signal: clarification request)

I: what?             (Trigger)

A: flat.               (Response)

I: yes, flat.              (Follow-up)

A: flat is ee...              (Signal)

I: yes, matrass.              (Response)

Like matrass kasur gitu..              (Signal: comprehension check)

A: owh yes like matrass, and then hmm...              (Response: repeat one self)

 what is the function of flat?             (Signal: clarification request)

I: owh, flat is to used for ee.. apa ya for various macam-macam gitu macam-macam jenis gitu. Like ee.. pokoknya semua itu lah semua besi komponen yang menggunakan plat itu pasti.               (Signal)

A: owh, so hmm... Krakatau Steel are produce many kind of wire like..           (Signal: confirmation check)

I: ya..              (Response)

A: iron, like iron?            (Signal: clarification request)

I: hooh, yes that produce.            (Response)

Krakatau Steel is now is.. IFO. IFO itu IFO that is ee... go publik.              (Signal)

A: go publik.                (Response: repeat one self)

I: yeah, hooh.              (Response)

A: and then?           (Follow-up)

I: go publik hmm.. go publik.            (Signal)

A: ee.. Ok Imam, thank you for your information about Krakatau Steel.              (Follow-up)

I: yes.             (Response)

A: now, I know about Krakatau Steel that produce many kind of iron.              (Signal)

I: oke.                (Follow-up)

Transcrib conversation between Male – Male:

W: Hi.. Imam              (Signal)

I: Hi juga..                (Response)

W: How are you today?            (Signal: clarification request)

I: I’m fine and you?             (Response)

W: Thank you I’m fine too.             (Response)

Oke..               (Follow-up)

I have a little bit confuse about my assignment about machine.             (Signal)

Can you help me to do with this assignment?                (Trigger)

I: ee.. about machine motorcycle?               (Signal: clarification request)

W: yes, I mean motorcycle machine.             (Response)

 ee.. I will I just ee.. I got assignment to explain how machine can work and then the ee.. spare parts and then all of part about machine.             (Signal)

I: oke, .            (Follow –up)

ee.. ee.. hehehe...              (Trigger)

machine that ee.. sebenarnya itu adalah ee.. process from rotary.               (Signal)

W: yes, hooh.             (Response)

I: putaran.              (Signal)

W: yes.               (Response)

I: to work and ee.. usually.               (Signal)

W: yeah.                (Response)

I: ee.. to product ee.. electrical and then ee.. action                (Signal)

W: yeah.                (Response)

I: gerak dan macam-macam.              (Signal)

W: yeah.                (Response)

I: ee..                  (Signal)

W: yeah.                 (Response)

I: for motorcycle ee.. gak jauh beda gitu.              (Signal)

W: oke.              (Follow-up)

Can you explain how can machine work from we push a starter and then we can start the engine?               (Signal: clarification request)

I: ee.. the machine motorcycle is ee.. that                (Signal)

W: yes.               (Response)

I: ee.. to work get to work every day because they are ee.. akumulator                (Signal)

W: yes,               (Response)

I: and then that so for starter akumulator that know to function starter               (Signal)

W: how about the...                 (Signal: clarification request)

I: jadi intinya akumulator itu that work to start ee.. machine bergerak secara awal.            (Signal)

W: owh yeah, yeah.                  (Follow-up)

How about if  the motorcycle ee... stay off too much I mean diam terlalu lama.               (Signal: clarification request)

How about to start on the machine?            (Signal: clarification request)

I: owh,, they are chuck.             (Response)

I can know to on of a contact and gass is to play ee.. starter we, we push.                (Signal)

W: yeah.               (Response)

I : berulang-ulang and in 3 times all be on.                (Follow-up)

CHAPTER III

DISCUSSION

Negotiation of meaning that occur based on 3 different people and also different background knowledge between them. Female- Female are between student who live in Boarding house, Female-Male are between students who have different faculty in their study Male from Mechanical Engineering and Female from Teacher Training faculty. Male-Male are between student who have different faculty. Male 1 from Mechanical Engineering and Male 2 from Teacher Training faculty.

Negotiation of meaning above using Information Gap.

• In conversation between Female-Female

Signal              : 49

Response         : 62

Trigger             : 3

Follow-up        : 4

Signal confirmation check      : 4

Signal clarification request      : 28

Response Repeat one self       : 8

Repetition of modification     : 2

Words that produce by them in 5 minutes are 665 words

So,  word/minute.

• In conversation between Female-Male

Signal              : 23

Response         : 29

Trigger             : 6

Follow-up        : 6

Signal confirmation check      : 2

Signal clarification request      : 10

Response Repeat one self       : 11

Input modification      :1

Output modification   : 1

Words that produce by them in 5 minutes are 310 words.

So, words/minutes.

• In conversation between Male-Male

Signal              : 21

Response         : 14

Trigger             : 2

Follow-up        : 5

Signal clarification request: 6

Words that produce by them in 5 minutes are 260 words.

So, words/minutes.

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION

From the conversation and analysis above, the writer can conclude that sequences for each conversation may vary depends on the interactants and words that produce in the same length of time is vary based on the different gender. Then the components of each conversation also can be different between those wo did the conversation whether they are male-male, female-female or female-male. But for those three conversations have the same components, they are Trigger, Signal, Respond and Follow Up.