WAYAN KARANG YANA 0713042051

SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

NEGOSIATION OF MEANING

By: Wayan Karang Yana

0713042051

ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM

DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ART EDUCATION

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY

LAMPUNG UNIVERSITY

2010

I.                  INTRODUCTION

Negotiation of meaning is defined as a series of exchanges conducted by addressor and addressees to help themselves understand and be understood by their instructors. In this case, when native speakers and non-native speakers are involved in an interaction both interactants work together to solve any potential misunderstanding that occurs, by checking each other’s comprehension, requesting clarification and confirmation and by repairing and adjusting speech ( Pica, 1988).

Conversation and analysis

MALE – MALE

Arief and Riga are fond of literature. They enjoy reading stories, novels, and watching

drama. On the way home, Arief and Rita have a chat

.

Arief : Do you have a plan for tomorrow's holiday?

Riga : ehm.m Too bad. I have nothing to do.

Arief : I've got a plan for tomorrow.

Riga: Really? Tell me, please. Then, I'll decide to come or not.

Arief : I've got a new interesting novel and VCD of a drama performance.

Riga: Wow, great. What are they about? Are they interesting?

Arief : If I tell you now, it won't surprise you. Now, decide.

Riga : OK. I'll be at your house at 8.00 in the morning.

Arief: well.. I will be waiting for you riga. See you then

Riga: see you too arief

MALE – FEMALE

Ira : Hello?

Ari : Hi, Ira!

Ira : Hi, how've you been?

Ari : Alright, thanks. Say, would you like to go out tonight?

Ira : Sorry, I can't. I have many matters to settle down.

Ari : Well, how about tomorrow night? Are you still busy?

Ira : I guess not.

Ari : Well, would you like to go to a concert?

Ira : Sure, I'd love to!

Ari : That's settled then.

FEMALE – FEMALE

Robi invites Sandra to go to a movie.

Robi : Hi, Sandra. There will be a great film tonight.

It's about Nasreddin. Would you like to go to the movie with me?

Sandra : Of course. I'd love to. When will you pick me up?

It is my favorite movie… I love it so much

Robi; yes, I do… don’t you know that I never leave any single section from the movie.

Sandra: do you really enjoy the  movie robi?

Robi; of course… I really enjoy the movie.

Sandra: ok then, we will watch it tonight.

Robi : I'll pick you up at 7.30. Be ready.

Sandra : OK.

ANALISYS:

At the first dialogue of MALE – MALE, it shows us that how a negotiation process occurs. At first, trigger ( T ) which invokes or stimulate incomplete understanding on the part of the hearer. As we can see on the dialogue when the speaker says: do you have a plan tomorrow holiday? Then the answer is ehm.m. it means the hearer is processing the answer indirectly. In other word he is still thinking to answer. In the development of studies in negotiation of meaning, some researcher have broadened the concept of negotiation of meaning, such as by inserting some ideas from studies in communication strategies into the basic concept negotiation of meaning. For instance, included some elements of communication strategies in their studies of negotiation of meaning, such as appeals for assistance, appeals for verification of meaning, definition request appeals indicating lexical uncertainty for components of signals.

Indicator ( I) which is the hearer’s signal of incomplete understanding, then the response is the original speaker’s attempt to clear up the unaccepted-input. Finally the reaction to the response which is an element that signals either the hearer’s acceptance or continued difficulty with the speaker repair. The model was elaborate into the following figure. Also it can be seen that the speakers want to get the solution for the invitation proposed by the other speaker. Here the modification made by telling twice about the invitation by giving more explanation about the movie.

And for the MALE – FEMALE, there is a good modification by first speaker that at first time he can not join the invitation, then finally he accepts that, it shows us that the first speaker tries to give an idea that can induce the second speaker to join the activities. And for the FEMALE-FEMALE, there is a great corporation between two speakers. At the first, the speaker tries to invite the hearer, and the hearer directly give a good response to the speaker. It means that the trigger given by the speaker can be accepted . and as the result it finds better solution at the last